Career Development Is A Continuous Process Career Education Essay

Profession Development Is A Continuous Process Career Education Essay Twenty or so years prior in the old universe of work there was accentuation on the accompanying: settling on a profession decision for a drawn out vocation; worry with just one profession topic; various leveled movement (ascending the profession stepping stool); having a profession and occupation forever; unwaveringness to one organization and manager; benefits and an annuity in acknowledgment of devotion. The 21st century universe of work is totally different. With quick improvements in innovation and globalization of the economy and employment markets, there is an expansion in rivalry. The worldwide economy is centered around data age and conveyance of administrations. There is steady redistributing of work, cutting back of organizations and redoing of employments. More individuals are in brief and low maintenance business and expanding quantities of individuals are independently employed. In many occupations there is a pattern towards change, unusualness, immediacy, development and inventiveness and an interest for individuals with relational and intrapersonal abilities. Numerous professions today would thus be able to be portrayed as far as the accompanying: vulnerability, capriciousness, frailty, decreased probability of advancement, work heightening, improved probability of portability out of ones introductory occupation, non-standard agreements, low maintenance work and independent work In this setting one needs to consider oneself an arrangement of aptitudes (4-8 vocation changes will most likely be made in the course of your life). There is a steady need to put resources into looking after employability, taking part in long lasting learning and improving ones self-improvement. Progressively, people likewise need to deal with their own advantages, for example, annuity plans and clinical guides. To be achievement in vocation advancement, we need to keep on having high adjustment. We ought to be adaptable, versatile and ready to pick up information and learn new abilities. Additionally, as a key of accomplishment, we should be set up for long lasting learning the capacity to get to data and create information and improve new abilities on a continuous premise. It is fundamental that you are continually watching out for conceivable outcomes to create yourself and your abilities. There is a pattern toward multi-skilling: the obtaining of various abilities as opposed to simply concentrating on the aptitudes in which you were initially prepared. Constant learning process is basic in vocation improvement. In profession improvement, developing an important system of contacts with the goal that we can expand our system inclusion later on. Also, we must be set up to perform errands that may not be actually what you need to do, yet which could make ready for future turn of events (create transferable abilities). Then again, dont hope to adhere to a similar activity for as long as you can remember. It is prudent to move around while you can. Addition new encounters. Indeed, get yourself a tutor somebody whom you can depend on to give you criticism, energize you and help you to discover chances to create in your vocation. The last yet not the least, figure out how to work viably in a group. Directly from your first year make a beginning on your vocation improvement. Profession advancement isn't tied in with arranging precisely what you will accomplish for your vocation from the time you begin concentrating to the day you leave; its about misusing each open door that you run over to procure new abilities which will upgrade your employability. The vocation improvement process is planned for accomplishing self-information and figuring out how you can get as attractive as conceivable in the current universe of work. So as to have the option to build up your vocation and settle on successful profession choices you have to take part in self-reflection and self-evaluation every now and then so as to determine your present position and progress. On the off chance that you know yourself and have understanding into what your identity is, you will be better ready to know where you could be going. This information will prepare you to design and build up your profession way successfully. It is significant that you guarantee that you have the vital abilities and traits which are required in the present place of employment showcase, particularly in the light of the steady changes and improvements in the different fields of work. Quick change in the utilization of innovation itself makes a requirement for ceaseless refreshing of ones aptitudes. Your scholarly capability alone nowadays won't promise you a vocation. These are any pertinent aptitudes that you have created in one setting that can be moved to another. The aptitude of sorting out, for instance, is one such transferable expertise that businesses search for. Maybe you picked up this expertise through sorting out a camp for oppressed kids, which included organizing a scene, transport, a cook and a program of occasions. Despite the fact that you probably won't do precisely the equivalent in another work setting, the ability of sorting out something is one you could move. General abilities, for example, open talking, time the executives, critical thinking and stepping up to the plate can be developed during your investigations. Stand up in instructional exercises, turn in assignments on schedule, go past what the instructors expect of you by figuring out how to step up to the plate and to take care of issues. By taking part in exercises outside of the talk room, you won't just create transferable abilities yet additionally get familiar with yourself. It is imperative to get required as ahead of schedule as could reasonably be expected. Search for associations, for example, clubs, social orders, groups, church gatherings, Peer Helping and so forth which will offer you the chance to make a significant commitment and learn and practise aptitudes, for example, correspondence, authority and collaboration. By taking on various jobs, you will find out about yourself. You will become acquainted with what you will be you acceptable at and what you appreciate. Consider what energizes you and what makes you energetic. Make a note of these exercises as they might be the very things around which you should construct your vocation. To summarize, the dynamic business condition in this general public makes the interest for the representatives to keep on learning. Profession advancement is a consistent procedure to empower workers to exceed expectations and support themselves in when the business experiences digitalization, globalization and separation. 2. Contrast Hollands approach with profession advancement with Roes. Sum up the similitudes and differences.(25 marks) Osipow (1983) characterized John Hollands work under the characteristic way to deal with vocation improvement and Isaacson (1985) ordered it under the character based speculations of profession advancement. Vocation decision and profession modification speaks to an expansion of a people character. Holland proposed four working presumptions. Hollands supposition on the idea of the character types incorporates individuals grow generally changeless arrangements of practices or characters that they try to communicate through word related decisions. In addition, Holland expected that individuals venture their perspectives on themselves and of the work world onto word related titles. Evaluation of these projections serves to recognize data about the word related territories that may be generally fulfilling for a person, just as to enlighten applicable parts of the people character. Hollands topology dependent on the few rule hypotheses, first professional decision is a declaration of character. Professional decision isn't just an impression of explicit parts of character. This kind of decision communicates who the individual is in general. For instance, it is essential to think about their history, their impression of the real world and their social setting. Second standard is the intrigue inventories will be inventories of character. Professional inclinations are articulations of character. People picked an occupation dependent on their insight, their character and their aptitudes. Hence, professional decision is more noteworthy than basically utilizing certain capacities inside a particular setting. It is likewise a way of life, a method of being. Professional decision is the actualisation of character all in all. The following rule is Vocational generalizations. Various generalizations are connected to different callings. View of callings varies as per age, understanding and economic wellbeing. Most psychometric evaluations don't mull over these various discernments. People could be impacted to stop their professional decision dependent on generalizations that are pretty much legitimate. It is significant for a professional decision to be made dependent on a practical view of different callings. There are a couple of more rule incorporates Members of an equivalent calling share character types and individual stories that are comparative, similitudes found in a professional gathering assume a job in the production of a particular workplace and professional fulfillment, its security and its advancement are straightforwardly ascribed to the level of coinciding between the people character and the work environment condition Be that as it may, there are two significant principles in Ann Roes Theory. To start with, Freuds psychodynamic relational word that centers around youth experience, where what occurs in the past influences the present. Second, The Maslows need hypothesis center around the impacts of need to word related decision, where individuals search for specific employments that will assist them with fulfilling their specific needs. The joining of hypothesis in anticipating ones occupation will be clarified by utilizing Roes Circular Model. In term of discoveries, Holland found that there are six essential kinds of workplaces in U.S. society; RIASEC. There are six relating modular individual directions; the manner in which the individual commonly reacts to ecological requests; RIASEC. Individuals accomplish the most work fulfillment when their workplace coordinates their modular individual direction. R/REALISTIC Practical individuals are practitioners. They are autonomous, steady, constant, veritable, down to earth and frugal. They like to manage things instead of thoughts or individuals. They are simple, obvious certainty, sensible people. They exceed expectations at assignments that are material, motoric, physical, athletic or

Assessment and Evaluation

Appraisal is an intelligent procedure that gives instructors, guardians or gatekeepers and the understudies themselves with substantial data about advancement and fulfillment of expected educational plan instructing. It centers around educating, learning and results. The principle objective of appraisal is to improve understudy learning in the subject under study.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Assessment and Evaluation explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Assessments depend on accomplishment objectives and measures produced for a specific educational program grade. Evaluation is done to gather data on singular understudy execution inside a given time span. Learning confirmations may incorporate tests and portfolios. It might likewise include other learning assignments, for example, diaries and composed work. The result data can be imparted to the understudies to make upgrades. Improvement of understudy learning can be through changing accomplis hed through changing the learning condition or the investigation propensities. The subject of evaluation can be of any sort. It might be an incident or occasion, an individual, a spot or a condition. The topic is student focused, course based and in many occasions unknown and not reviewed. Appraisal tries to note down all information whether emotional or objective (Jere, 2010). On the hand, an assessment is a lot of exercises or proclamations that try to decide if destinations were figured it out. It centers generally around grades and may mirror the segments of study hall other than authority level and course content. Assessment may incorporate conversation, participation, verbal capacity and collaboration among others. It is the last object of a request. Assessments tell whether a set objective or an answer has been met or not. It happens after fulfillment of a learning movement. Assessment is done at end of request. Assessment can bring about three things: A positive change, a ne gative change or no change or advancement by any stretch of the imagination. Assessment investigates whether upgrades or changes have happened in the information. Appraisal and assessment need one another and bolster each other (Gavi, 2011). In synopsis, the three contrasts among appraisal and assessment will be; Assessment is developmental as in it is progressing and intended to improve learning while assessment is summative, that is, it is conclusive and it is intended to check quality. Appraisal centers around how learning is going (process-arranged) while assessment centers around what has been realized (item situated). Appraisal distinguishes zones for development (it is indicative) while assessment shows up at a general evaluation, that is, it is critical (Patty, 2004). Formal evaluations have basic arrangements of desires from all understudies. These tests help educators to see how well understudies have comprehended topic aptitudes and ideas instructed in class. Hence educat ors can foundationally assess the understudies by utilization of genuine composition and understanding encounters. They accompany endorsed standards translation. Information is figured and summed up scientifically. There are rules for scoring and scores are usually given by standard scores, percentiles or stanines.Advertising Looking for exposition on instruction? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The educators have measurements that can bolster certain ends, for example, â€Å"a understudy is perusing underneath average† in light of the fact that these tests have had been attempted before on the understudies. Adaptability in appraisal results allows educators to intently screen the understudies so as to alter evaluation as required. In this manner these benchmarks help instructors and gatekeepers to assess understudy progress over the whole year (Gavi, 2011). Then again, casual evaluation shows procedures that are fus ed into learning exercises or study hall schedules. Casual evaluations are additionally called execution based measures or basis referenced measures. They ought to be utilized in type of guidance. The kind of evaluation utilized ought to be in accordance with the end goal of appraisal. They can be utilized whenever without fundamentally meddling with instructional time. The outcomes got demonstrate the exhibition of the understudy on that specific subject or aptitude of intrigue. Exercises related with casual evaluation incorporate exhibits, oral introductions, singular undertakings and tests among others. This kind of appraisal doesn't think about a more extensive gathering other than the understudies in that specific nearby task. Not at all like conventional appraisals that are information driven, casual evaluations are substance and execution driven (Patty, 2004). Social examinations are coordinated investigations that are intended to improve municipal obligations of understudies . I have picked history subject as a social report in my casual evaluation beneath. The casual evaluation test is intended for understudies in rudimentary evaluations. A fourth-year grade educator has quite recently completed three hours exercise showing a point on the state’s history. He means to check the instructional adequacy and comprehension of this subject by utilizing a kind of conversation that appears as composed checks. The information got will thus help the instructor to plan and use information based guidelines during the following educating period. References Gavi, R. M. (2011). Dyslexia : Special Educational Needs Series. New York, NY: International Publishing Group. Jere, E. B. (2010). Successful appraisal and Evaluation. Chicago: Tylor Francis.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Assessment and Evaluation explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Patty, S. A. (2004). Understanding Online learning: A guide for novices and theâ truly doubtful. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. This paper on Assessment and Evaluation was composed and put together by client Maliyah Reed to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it likewise. You can give your paper here.

How to Write the Mount Holyoke Supplement 2018-2019 TKG

How to Write the Mount Holyoke Supplement 2018-2019 Mount Holyoke is an all women’s liberal arts college in South Hadley, Massachusetts. There are just over 2,200 undergraduate students, classes are generally small, and the school is heavily focused on research. The acceptance rate for the class of 2022 was 50.8%.Mount Holyoke provides two prompts and you’ll pick one. They say they’re optional, but there’s really no such thing as an optional supplement.Tell us why you are interested in attending Mount Holyoke College. (250-400 words)  Mount Holyoke is asking “Why Us” and the best way to answer this question is to write about your academic interests and the extracurricular activities you plan to partake in. Start by looking at the list of majors and minors that Mount Holyoke has to offer and choose something that’s related to your academic interests. Their website makes it easy to research professors, classes, special programs, and projects within each major. Find upper level classes you want to take and write about why y ou want to take them and how they’re related to your interests. A lot of the faculty members work on research projects, so find one you’d want to join and explain why. There are a lot of different ways to get involved at Mount Holyoke. In the next part of your essay, write about any clubs or organizations you plan to join. The club or organization you choose should align with your major and also be an extension the activities you did in high school. It’s important to stick with what you’ve been doing because you want to show the reader of your essay that your experiences will help you contribute to what’s happening on campus. There might be a project or position in student government you want to join.  Because this essay is capped at 400 words, you shouldn’t have much room left for a lengthy conclusion. If there’s a cultural or community aspect that draws you to Mount Holyoke, now would be the time to mention it. If not, you can close things out briefly. What makes yo u proud and how does this help to define you?There are generally two ways to answer the question of what makes you proud. You might be proud of something you’ve achieved or overcome (I’m proud that by the end of my two week trip to Mexico I was able to speak conversational Spanish and am now working towards fluency) or you might be proud of another person in your life (I’m proud of my younger brother for starting a lemonade stand and donating the money to a local charity.)  Both are equally true, but keep in mind that for this essay you need to write about how what you’re proud of defines you. For that reason, if the thing that you’re proud of isn’t a personal achievement, it needs to be something that has involved you in some way. Going back to the younger brother example, it could work if his lemonade stand inspired you to start a charity that you and your brother now run together. It can be something small: I’m proud of my sister for learning how to drive (she was terrified) and helping her through the process made me realize how much I love teaching.  To start this essay, brainstorm five things that make you proud and think of a story that best exemplifies what you’re proud of. We’ll give three examples below: I’m dependable (My teacher counted on me to organize a class trip) I taught myself how to code (My group project’s website crashed and I figured out how to fix it on my own)I ran three marathons (My dad runs marathons and we train together) Look at the stories you’ve brainstormed and pick the one that has the best narrative arc. Based on the examples above, the story about how a student fixed a crashed website sounds like the most interesting read. Write that story: the best way to speak to what you’re proud of is to show it, not explicitly state a characteristic and then explain why. These questions are tricky, so let us know if you need help.

The Beloved A Heartbreaking Novel - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1238 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Beloved Essay Did you like this example? In 1987, the novel Beloved came about. This post-civil war novel by Toni Morrison is a heartbreaking novel of battling with memories, your horrible actions, and the past. In everyones life, there is a moment that is so horrific and so heartbreaking that all you want to do is push it so far back in your mind that you never have to think of it again. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Beloved: A Heartbreaking Novel" essay for you Create order A death, for example, is very traumatizing. It is natural to shut out those bad memories in order to save yourself from the bad emotional experience. Often people abandon their traumatic and horrific experience emotions because it is the best way to forget them. In Toni Morrisons post civil war novel, Beloved, memories are depicted as a dangerous and deliberating faculty of human consciousness. In this novel, Sethe finds herself / gets trapped in the depression and self imprisonment of haunting memories by constantly thinking over the past, and the death of her daughter, and her mother, baby suggs. The past and everything Sethe did haunts her in her memories day in and day out. She tries to convince herself she did the right thing but the voice of Beloved is always in her head, filling her soul and consciousness with regret and pain. No matter where Sethe goes, she will always have those memories and thoughts in her head. The ghost of her murdered daughter continues to haunt her. The y all know and feel that Anything dead coming back to life hurts. (35) The plot of Beloved unfolds through the authors use of a complete weaving together of the multiple flashbacks, memories, and the past.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Toni Morrison has a very unique and interesting author style. She has very vivid detail and her vocabulary to describe things is not of comparison. Her intricate writing style does not just tell the reader about issues concerning African-Americans instead she shows them. In Beloved, set in Ohio and a plantation in Kentucky, Morrison shows slavery through flashbacks and stories told by characters. Her word choices give the reader the sense on how slave masters viewed their slaves as savage animals. Her work is described as breathtaking, leaving Beloved more than a story; it is a history, and it is a life of its own. The quote / passage i chose to describe Tonis writing style shows all of these things. The detail and the verbal brutality that is the truth in her work is proven when she said White people believed that whatever the manners, under every dark skin was a jungle. Swift unnavigable waters, swinging screaming baboons, sleeping snakes, red gums ready for their sweet white blood . In a way   they were right   but it wasnt the jungle blacks brought with them to this place, it was the jungle whitefolks planted in them. And grew it. It spread until it invaded the whites who had made it   made them bloody, silly, worse than even they wanted to be, so scared of the jungle they had made. The screaming baboon lived under their own white skin; the red gums were their own. (chapter 19) Morrisons writing is all about the slaves perspective and what they went through. She does an amazing job at showing us just how bad the white people dehumanized the slaves for all those years. The white people gave the slaves hell all their life for something they themselves created and took it all out on them. Morrison uses vivid detail. She doesnt just tell the story black and white, she lets the reader figure out the true story and the timeline. By using her techniques and her passion for the slaves lifes and getting their point of view out there, she gives the reader every bit of a good story through her passion for her story, her use of detail, and everything in between. Morrison is an amazing author and has impeccable style.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Do you know the feeling of having something horrible you did, haunt you for the rest of your life? Have you ever done something so bad to where it literally comes back to you everyday and drowns you with guilt? These things i have just described are what Sethe in my novel had to go through everyday after she decided to brutally murder her child, Beloved, with the mind set that she was saving her and doing her a favor in the long run. Sethe has to live with her choices of her past and her decisions every single day. The past haunts you. The past will always find a way to come back to you and hurt you. The ghost of her daughter comes back to her and drowns her in guilt just because she can. Sethe has memories of her daughter. She has thoughts of her emerging through the water in her wedding gown and having that positive connection between the two. It all comes back to your memories and the past. The theme of this book has everything to do with those two. Sethes past as a slave and know ing what she went through influenced her to murder her daughter. Sethe has constant flashbacks of her daughter and constant hard memories every day because she chose to kill her sweet beloved. She was constantly suspended between the nastiness of life and the meanness of the dead, she couldnt get interested in leaving the life or living it, let alone the thought of two creeping boys. Her past had been like her present -intolerable- and since she knew death like it was anything but forgetfulness, she used the little energy left her for pondering color (pgs 3-4) As you can tell, the idea of past and memories runs deep in this book and it ties into every aspect of it. The whole theme / idea of this book is based on the past and how it affects your future.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The conclusion of this novel is many different aspects. The idea of memories, flashbacks, and how your past comes back to haunt you is very clear in this novel. Morrison shows us through her writing style, the power that racism and cruelty had on the black people. She shows us the insight to how they felt and not just the opinion of the snobby mean whites who only saw these people as slaves and underclass working fools. She gives them recognition through her writing. Morrison uses so many things to make her novel stand out. She doesnt just tell the story how it is. She likes the challenge for the reader and she likes for them to piece it together at the end and figure it all out as a whole. The novel is really an art piece. Morrisons use of both verse and stream of consciousness writing where necessary is nothing to compare and not often matched in literature. Her strict narrative, she realizes, is not enough to capture the feelings of a people, and she manages to capture them in som e of the most well-known passages of modern literature. Her use of symbols also creates an atmosphere riddled with force and drama. The structure of her work is compounded with an ever-switching point of view. All in all, Toni Morrison really knows how to connect to her readers. This novel has a very clear idea of your memories and how your past can come back around and stay with you for the rest of your life. No matter what you do.

The Debate And Violent Video Games - 2463 Words

The new generation is now using media as a form of socializing. Children use social media as a means to contact their friends, they use television as a way to relax, and kids play video games with their friends. Children are watching movies that are above their cognitive perception, and also playing video games that are rated above their age group. With all of the new media, it is starting to get hard to keep up. Cyberbullying has become an issue and violent video games have become normal. There is cause for concern for parents, but the amount to which parents are monitoring their kids online and media activity is different for every family. Past research has suggested that all of the time kids spend using media outlets can negatively affect them (Christians, 2012). They are not cognitively mature enough to determine what is real and what is fictional; there is a disconnect between what they are viewing and what they see as socially acceptable. On the contrary, there is research that suggests that even though kids spend the majority of their time using some form of media, they again are not cognitively mature enough to make connections and use the ideas they have seen in the media in real life (Christians, 2012). Parents have a job to raise well-rounded and socially responsible children. With the media becoming kids source for information, parents face the challenge of deciding whether or not to intervene. This paper will explore if it ethical for parents to monitor theirShow MoreRelatedConnections between Video Games and Violence600 Words   |  3 PagesConnections between Video Games and Violence Many of the young people of today’s generation have played video games; whether it is Candy Crush, Flappy Bird, Mario, Sonic, Call of Duty, Minecraft, or Skyrim. Almost every electronic device is capable of running games. As advancement in technology increases, the video game industry will also advance. More and more of the next generations are bound to be affiliated with video games. There is a debate whether video games cause people to be violent, especiallyRead MoreImpact of Violent Video Games on Adolescents Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesVideo games already have a bad reputation when it comes to the teenage generation. The video games that are being released in the past ten years have caused some speculation if they are suitable for kids to play. Some states have even tried getting involved with the issue by banning the distribution of offensive video games to minors. First-person shooting games have increased in popularity, and some experts say it is also increases vi olent behavior in the adolescents that are playing it. The increaseRead MoreViolent Video Games : Do They Cause Violent Behavior And Actions?1747 Words   |  7 PagesViolent Video Games: Do they cause violent behavior and actions? Ah yes video games are huge icons of culture and identity for the people of the newest generations but games aren t usually digital rainbows and love but some revolve around violence in their our ways, so as you would expect these games deeds don’t get away without criticism and opposition to some degree. Are violent video games a major cause of violent and aggressive behavior in those who play them? Are they contendersRead MoreNegative Effects Of Video Games1217 Words   |  5 Pages Nowadays, video games are very common types of entertainment in every family. The impact of video games on the behavior of the player have been be controversial issues for decades. The advocates claim that video games are more than simply a fun that one plays during spare time. They are important for cognitive skill development, stress relief, prosocial behavior reduce mental health disorder. 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With the (movin g ahead or up) of technology, video games also have (moving ahead or up) in its interest in whats lifelike and real and (types of writing or art). The technologies allowed video games to become very fancy (or smart) and realistic. This type of (moving ahead or up) had brought the Video gamingRead MoreAffect of Violent Video Games on Children Essays1648 Words   |  7 Pagesrecent decades, attention has been placed on the influence of violent videogames on the aggressive behaviour of individuals. While some scholars believe that videogames increase aggression amongst children in particular, others claim evidence on the catharsis hypothesis where videogames are argued to be a safe outlet to express aggression (Berger 2002). Although many theories have emerged regarding the influence of violent videogames, the debate continues to be divided between those who claim its destructiveRead More The Debate Over Video Game Violence Essay1734 Words   |  7 Pagesall over the world to debate certain topics that they deem to have a correct understanding of. Unsurprisingly, the effect of video games on the human brain has been a controversy since video games were first released decades ago. Video games involve the use of body and mind, which causes the player to be inside of the game, and they can see the world through the eyes of the character of which they play. Some psychologists and other scientists suggest that violent video games can cause psychologicalRead MoreViolent Video Games Effects On Society988 Words   |  4 PagesVideo games have been around for half a century, when the first simple tennis game was designed by William Higinbotham in 1958. Since then, video games have gotten more in depth, and now include the best graphics and a vast amount of options which include violent video games. Violent video games have gotten more popular with the vast amount of variety including the franchise of Call of Duty, Battlefield, and Grand Theft Auto. In addition, these are the most common and sought after video games, andRead MoreAre Video Games Bad for You? Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pagesrecent decades, attention has been placed on the influence of violent videogames on the aggressive behaviour of individuals. While some scholars believe that videogames increase aggression amongst children in particular, others claim evidence on the catharsis hypothesis where videogames are argued to be a safe outlet to express aggression (Berger 2002). Although many theories have emerged regarding the influence of violent videogames, the debate continues to be divided between those who claim its destructive

Climate Change And Its Effects On The World Of The Planet

It is widely accepted that climate change could carry out severe problems through the environmental life of the planet. Feature of climate change is the disastrous results that it caused by the people. Oil is might be the most catastrophic material of the underwater life. Oil spills are emissions of petroleum on the surface of an extensive body of water. The aim of this essay is to discuss the main law that linked to this problem and also some legal aspects of three famous cases and their results that exemplified the population. Therefore, pollution causes damages that possibly appear visible for everyone. Environmental evidence frequently demonstrates the damages that the offender caused. Oil spills have been found to harm the ecosystem.†¦show more content†¦According to the Prevention of oil Pollution Act 1971, the people must follow some rules and restrictions for the protection of the environment. Before considering the provisions, it is important to note that the people, who breach the law, can be fined up to the amount of  £50.000. The Law interpret that if any crude oil, fuel oil, lubricating oil and heavy diesel oil spill out in the whole sea including the island waters, shore or any waters the person should be guilty of an offence under the application of the law. Moreover, if oil or a mixture there is abandoned in the sea, it will be an offence. Furthermore, people who act as a result of a disaster through pipeline or vessel should be guilty of an offence unless if they prove that the discharge was made for safety situations such as saving endangered life or the v essel. It is worthwhile to consider that when the laws take place for one reason, the people have to follow them. For some reason, people do not feel that their actions harm the environment although they wait the law to stop them. More or less the people stem from the laws and the society understand them from the cases that already published. Another law which is in the place of the environmental protection deals specifically with water supply. Research into the Arab world considers the importance of the law to the water supply. Model of the blue Peace report examined prospects that are suitable to seven countries. Five countries are suffering from

Electronic Medical Records and Safety free essay sample

The article titled â€Å"Computer Security Experts Perspective on Electronic Medical Records† presents the views of an Information Technology (IT) security expert, Troy Thomas, on electronic medical records (EMR). Thomas is the Chief Security and Privacy Officer for KeyCorp which is the parent company of Key Bank. Thomas has a bachelors degree in Computer Information Sciences from Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH. Thomas asserts that the medical industry is slowly becoming computerized and, eventually, electronic medical records will be the norm. He points out that, however, getting from a highly distributed, paper-based model to a fully computerized EMRs model will be challenging. Changing to a more computerized EMRs model will introduce risks that the current paper-based model does not have and will solve some of the inherent risks associated with the current model. The current paper-based model inherently has the following risks: records are susceptible to fire, flood, mold, termites, decay, fading of ink, and misplacement of an entire folder or subsections. We will write a custom essay sample on Electronic Medical Records and Safety or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Paper records are easily copied or stolen, easily accessed by office personnel or people who just happen to be near an unattended folder of medical records. An EMRs model inherently has the following risks: computer equipment can fail or break, technology changes quickly, and information stored a long time ago may not be easily accessed at a future date. Information that was once stored can become inaccessible; information can be accessed by unauthorized individuals. Electronic information can be altered. Electronic components do not react well to fire, water, dust, dirt, humidity, being dropped, or being abruptly unplugged. To mitigate these inherent risks, modern computer centers have strict environmental controls to ensure that computer equipment is run in an optimal environment and is backed up and available at an alternative site (for disaster recovery purposes) and has proper security controls deployed to ensure that information can be accessed by authorized personnel only. Technology controls exist that can prohibit information from  being altered. For example, there are direct access storage devices that allow information to be written once and read many times. The inherent risks of the paper-based model and the EMRs model are vastly different but mitigating controls exist that can adequately address the basic inherent risks described thus far. Typical, practicing physicians, however, cannot be expected to set up a dedicated computer center with all of the environmental, phy sical, and logical access controls that are needed to adequately safeguard their patient records. Therefore, for true EMRs to be really secure, a model or protocol is needed whereby physicians store their patients medical records at a reputable and secure data center that offers the physicians an outsourced service for accessing and storing EMRs. Unfortunately, a centralized computing model introduces new inherent risks: for example, are the outsource agencies reputable and can they be trusted with patient medical record information? With medical record information coming in from multiple physicians, a unique patient identification number would be needed so that records could be appropriately combined within patient files. With so much information in one place, clear controls would be needed to ensure that the people accessing the information receive only the information that is truly needed. Ensuring that quality information is captured and maintaining patient privacy will be the most challenging aspects of EMRs. Computers dont improve quality. However, computers can make quality issues and mistakes much more visible and potentially harmful. The author highlighted that the EMRs journey will probably parallel some of the issues that exist with electronic voting where so many questions such as whether society can trust the vendors who sell the voting equipment. Can a vote be altered after it has been cast? How does society effectively centralize a highly decentralized model? Can foreign governments hack American voting equipment and influence an election? How is a persons voting history stored and secured? In the end, EMRs will be a reality in the healthcare industry. The benefits of centralized electronic patient medical records outweigh the risks associated with changing the model. Ultimately, it is a question of trust, not technology. Will physicians trust their patients to stay with them when their patient medical records are more easily transferred to another doctor? Will patients trust that their medical records are appropriately safeguarded against inappropriate access and that the information contained within their records is accurate and of high quality? Ultimately, Thomas believes the answer to these questions is yes in the long run.

History of Philippine Broadcasting free essay sample

Beginning of Radio and Television Broadcasting in the Philippines Broadcasting means â€Å"to transmit a radio or television program for public or general use†. This also includes other media such as the internet. Broadcasting in the Philippines started as early as 1922. The first radio stations were established in Pasay and Manila by Henry Hermann in June 1922. Both of these were 50 watts. The Filipino businessmen then established their own radio stations to be used for advertising their products. In 1924, the first two call letters, â€Å"KZ†, was assigned to all radio stations in accordance with the laws of the United States of America. â€Å"KZKZ†, a 100-watt radio station, replaced the 50-watt radio stations. In 1929, KZRC, Radio Cebu, opened in Cebu. It was then closed down shortly due to problems with shortwave signals between Manila and Cebu, but was reopened after a decade and was utilized for guerilla movements. The Commonwealth Act No. 3840, also known as the Radio Control Law was founded in 1931. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Philippine Broadcasting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This act created the Radio Control Division. It was then renamed Radio Control Office and lasted until 1972 when former president Ferdinand Marcos declared Martial Law, and when the Kapisanan ng mga Brodkasters sa Pilipinas was established as the broadcasting policing body. Since 1927, six commercial radio stations were established. These were KZEG, KZIB, KZRC, KZRF, KZRH, and KZRM. The United States of America provided the Philippines with a shortwave relay station on December 28, 1941. Radio programs were compiled in Washington, sent out through the NBC network, relayed through KGEI in San Francisco, California, and beamed to five radio stations in Manila and to one station in Cebu. This radio signal relay lasted for six days until the Japanese forced interrupted. When the American troops retreated, all radio stations except KZRH were destroyed. The Japanese forces then reactivated KZRM and KZRF, thus, having three radio stations. KZRH was used by the Japanese Military Administration as a mouthpiece for the country. Station KZRH was noted in the United States as KAIN, PIAN and PIRN, and station KZRM was noted as PIAM and PIRM. On February 6, 1942, Gen Emilio Aguinaldo urged Gen MacArthur to surrender to the Japanese arms, through KZRH. After the World War II, the first radio station that returned on air was KZFM. It reopened in May 1945, and was operated by the US Army Office of War Information. After President Harry Truman proclaimed sovereignty over the Philippines and its people, KZFM was turned over to the Philippine government in September 11, 1946. It was renamed DZFM in 1947, which became a pillar in the Philippine Broadcasting. The first two letters â€Å"KZ† was replaced to â€Å"DZ† for Manila, â€Å"DW† for Luzon, â€Å"DY† for the Visayas, and â€Å"DX† for Mindanao. On October 23, 1953, the first official television broadcast was aired in the Philippines. It was an American engineer, James Lindenberg, also considered as the father of Philippine Television who saw the potential of television broadcasting in the Philippines. Lindenberg assembled transmitters and established Bolinao Electronics Corporation (BEC) on June 13, 1946. He applied for a license to establish a commercial television station in 1949, and was granted a year after. However, the scarcity of raw materials and the strict importation policies forced Lindenberg to venture into radio broadcasting instead. In 1952, Judge Antonio Quirino bought 70 percent of BEC and acquired the franchise indirectly. He changed the name of the television station from BEC to ABS, which stands for Alto Broadcasting System, after the new owners, Aleli and Antonio. Lindenberg served as the general manager. Judge Quirino introduced the first television station in the Philippines when he opened DZAQTV channel 3 in 1953. â€Å"AQ† stood for Antonio Quirino. The first television broadcast went on air on October 23, 1953, with the occasion as a garden party at the Quirino residence. Television broadcasting then was more inclined to politics, as to the political campaigns of former president Elpidio Quirino, brother of Judge Antonio Quirino, were supported through it. Quirino lost the election despite this campaign. ABS  was later sold to the Lopez family, who later transformed it into ABS-CBN, which is still running up to the present. Another station opened in 1960. This was DZBB-TV Channel 7, or, the Republic Broadcasting System, owned by Bob Stewart. They started with just 25 employees, a surplus transmitter, and two old cameras. Their most popular program during that time was â€Å"Gabi ng Lagim†. In 1961, the National Science Development Board was established. It was behind the earliest initiative to use local TV for education, Education on TV and Physics in the Atomic Age†. During the time of Martial Law, ABS-CBN was the largest TV broadcasting network. It has been seized from the Lopez family when their president by that time, Eugenio Lopez Jr. was imprisoned. In 1973, the Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas (KBP) was founded to regulate the Philippine broadcasting.

Interview with the Chief Executive of Dunkin Donuts

Interview with the Chief Executive of Dunkin Donuts Introduction Leadership is an important aspect of an organization that always defines its ability to achieve success in various contexts. According to Thompson, Strickland and Gamble (90), offering leadership is one of the most challenging tasks that require skills and knowledge on how to manage people.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Interview with the Chief Executive of Dunkin’ Donuts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A good leader must be able to make employees believe in a given course and to work towards achieving a given objective without any serious resistance. The position requires someone with the capacity to inspire followers even in cases when they feel demoralized. A leader should be in a position to come up with ways of addressing issues within an organization in a manner that will be convincing to all the stakeholders. Strategy crafting and implementation are some of the most important roles of a leader as seen in the interview with the chief executive of Dunkin’ Donuts. In this research, the focus is to determine the importance of leadership in crafting and executing of strategies. Importance of Leadership in Crafting and Executing Strategy According to Hough (47), many organizations that are successful largely owe their achievement to effective leadership. Dunkin Donuts is one of the leading brands not only in New England area of the United States, but also in the entire world. The company experienced massive success following the ascent of Nigel Travis to the position of chief executive officer of the firm in 2008. He helped the firm to expand, and currently, Dunkin’ Donuts is one of the largest coffee houses in the world. He was able to come up with strategies that were meant to maximize on the strengths of the firm, and limit its weaknesses as demonstrated in the interview. This is a true reflection of what a leader is expected of when it comes to craftin g and executing strategies. Role of a leader in crafting a strategy The interview with the chief executive of Dunkin’ Donuts gives an insight on the role of a leader in crafting a strategy. It is important to understand the role of a leader in crafting strategies within an organizational setting. Hough (37) says that employees within an organization are always waiting to follow instructions given to them by their leader. It is the role of the leader to craft strategies which will form the basis of instructions to be issued to the employees. Crafting a strategy starts by understanding the environmental forces that may influence the normal operation of a firm.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These environmental factors can broadly be classified as internal and external environmental forces. The internal environmental factors are the strengths and weaknesses o f a firm that have direct or indirect impact on its operations. A leader must have the information about the internal environment of the firm he or she is leading. This information will come from various departments such as finance, marketing, production, procurement, and logistics units. A good leader should always ensure that he or she gathers information from all relevant departments regularly in order to identify the organization’s strengths and weaknesses. When the needed information about the internal environment is collected, the leader will need to have the information about the external environment. In this respect, the leader will need to understand the opportunities and threats in the market. The external environment presents a series of opportunities that a firm will need when developing strategies. Opportunities presented by the emerging technologies, expansion of the middle class, growing economic environment, and the political environment should be tapped appro priately in order to maximize the profitability of the firm. On the other hand, the market has some threats that the management must deal with in order to ensure that its normal operations are not affected as shown in the interview. The market competition, insecurity, economic downturn, and the changing tastes and preferences are some of the threats that the leader should be aware of when managing an organization. While information about the internal environmental factors can be collected by receiving regular reports from the relevant departmental heads, external factors can only be obtained through research. This means that the organization will need to conduct regular research about external environmental forces. It is only after collecting all the relevant data that a leader can initiate the process of crafting a strategy. The strategy will be based on the information gathered about the internal and external business environment. As Hough (69) notes, strategy formulation is a pro cess that involves teamwork. It is not a process where the leader views the information provided to him and makes an individualistic strategy.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Interview with the Chief Executive of Dunkin’ Donuts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All the departments must first be allowed to discuss issues that affect their units, and make their suggestions on how these issues can be addressed. The departmental heads will then meet the chief executive with their suggestions. The role of the leader is to listen to these suggestions, and with the help of other departmental heads, craft strategies which are in line with the suggestions presented before the panel. The leader will need to be aware of the constraints that may make some suggestions be modified to reflect the financial capacity of the firm, and time available for the implementation. A leader must always remain flexible when crafting pol icies. He or she must remain realistic to changes which are taking place within the internal and external environment in order to come up with effective strategies. Role of a leader in executing a strategy From the interview, it is clear that a leader plays a pivotal role in strategy execution. According to Thompson, Strickland and Gamble (75), policy implementation is one of the most important tasks in an organization. The policy crafted in the above stage is just a piece of instructions of what should be done. An organization can only achieve success if it is able to execute its strategies in a superior manner. As a leader, one would need to take a supervisory role in ensuring that the strategy is executed as effectively as possible. However, it is a fact that the leader may not be present in all the departments at all the times. There are administrative tasks that the leader is expected to undertake, and for this reason, it is necessary to delegate some of the duties to other jun ior leaders who will be able to supervise the implementation of the strategies. As the interviewee noted, the departmental heads will be directly responsible to the chief executive officer. The strategies formulated will be handed over to the departmental heads who will be directly involved in their implementation. The strategies will need to be broken down into specific tasks that should be undertaken by specific individuals. It is the responsibility of the departmental heads, with the help of his or her supervisors, to break down the strategies into tasks. The chief executive will need to review the progress made by each department in implementing the strategies. The leader should encourage close coordination between the departments of the organization during the implementation process in order to ensure that there is unison. It is also the responsibility of the leader to set the parameters that will be used to measure success in the execution of strategies by each of the departme nts.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The departmental heads should be aware of these parameters. They should know what the leader is expecting from them, and the timeline that each task should be accomplished. The leader should ensure that he or she conducts regular review of the performance of all the departments in order to confirm the reports given by heads of the departments. This way, all the departmental heads will be aware that they have a responsibility to all the stakeholders. Conclusion From the interview, it is clear that a leader has an important role in crafting and executing strategies within an organization. Although the leader is not directly involved in the collection of data and implementation of the crafted strategies, he or she is always the driving force that ensures that everything is done correctly. A leader is expected to initiate the process of collecting information about the internal and external environment. He or she will then lead a team that will come up with strategies that seek to align the internal environment with the forces in the external environment. In the process of executing the strategies, he or she is expected to offer moral and material support to the team involved in the implementation process. Hough, John. Crafting and executing strategy: Text, readings and cases. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2011. Print. Thompson, Arthur, Alonzo Strickland, and John Gamble. Crafting and Executing Strategy: The Quest for Competitive Advantage : Concepts and Cases. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2005. Print.

Scripts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scripts - Essay Example This unspoken knowledge is about the customer experience more than what he did. For example, when a customer gets served in a restaurant, his serving and his experience at the restaurant both count. Therefore, to model customer scripts in an efficient manner, the service providers usually have to design simulations to proceed. One helpful tool in this regard is the mental models that define how and to what extent a course of events are related to a specific service facility. The next step is to make a distinction between the real and probable consumers by looking at the differences between the scripts, and to make related service solutions. Effectively consistent services are then designed for every type of customer that he is also able to understand easily through scripts. This way, we can say that scripts are very advantageous when they are used to design tremendously standardized services (Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons). Once the service providers take hold of the customer script, t hey get facilitated in designing the service process enabling the customers to effortlessly steer through that service process along with giving them the idea how they can be a part of the service production. However, the designers need to create such a service design that easily incorporates the differences in customer scripts.

Legal Determinations for Change in Employment Status Essay

Legal Determinations for Change in Employment Status - Essay Example Changes in the employment status take place in the workplaces every day. The changes could be either progressive or regressive. The factors that lead to such changes include age, ability, economic conditions, discipline and duration of duty. These factors directly lead to changes that include, but are not limited to; promotions, pay increments and decrements, transfers and layoffs. These changes are guided by legal statutes and it is only wise that employees learn and keep the legal implications that come with the employment status changes. There have been numerous misinformed changes in employment status for many due to lack of information on entitlements provided by the law (C. C. H. Incorporated) As human resources officer, I am prone to these changes too. The three most probable are confirmation of employment, transfers and promotion. These status changes reflect loosely the chronology of employment for a diligent human resource officer. They are hierarchal, with improvements along the ranks during the time one works for a company or is in the professional field. Confirmation of employment is a change that is guaranteed at present as the transfers and promotions are bound to take course with time (Holland and Burnet, 63) The confirmation of employment is the first change in employment status for almost all the employees in the formal sector. Most companies have got a probation period provided for in their terms and conditions. The period is used to monitor the progress of new hires and also serve as a learning moment for them. During this period, guided by the terms and company policy, the employment is on contract basis and sometimes the employees receive half their salaries. The period spans between three to seven months depending on the company and its policies. After this period, an employee is confirmed and hired on permanent basis. This should be the first employment status change for anybody (Holland and Burnet, 63). The second

Automotive Spare Parts Manufacturing Supply Chain

Automotive Spare Parts Manufacturing Supply Chain Abstract This research study is objectively aimed at studying Inventory management in the global supply chain. The case study of an enterprise in the automotive spare parts manufacturing sector is presented to understand important aspects of functioning related to inventory control management in the global supply chain. The automotive industry has always been a booming industry and continuous to remain the same on a all levels i.e. local, national and global. The supply of automotive components forms a vital link and process in the automotive industry. Many business small, medium-sized and large through inventory management form a part of the global supply chain effectively. The researcher, proposes to present a case study analysis of Kapoor Automobiles (India), a medium-sized organization of repute and good market standing in the Global supply chain of automotive components. This research would throw light on the inventory management system employed by the organization, its effectiveness, shortcomings and remedial measures taken to fulfill consumer needs, retain them and grow through effective modes of Inventory control in the Global Supply Chain. The researcher, further proposes to utilize business analytical tools of primary research i.e. qualitative research and quantitative research, secondary research, S.W.O.T analysis (Strength, weakness, opportunity and threats) and P.E.S.T.L.E. analysis (Political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental) to ascertain the above mentioned objective of the research. Introduction: Kapoor Automobiles (India) was incorporated in the year 1965 in Mumbai (India). In the commencement Kapoor Automobiles (India) functioning in the capacity of a trading company for the sale and purchase of automotive rubber parts. In the year 1990, the business enterprise ventured into manufacturing activities and gradually advanced towards gaining a secure and permanent market position overseas in the automotive rubber parts replacement segment of the market. Kapoor Automobiles (India) succeeded in doing so on account of the provision of high quality services to their growing clientele. Kapoor Automobiles (India) places a high magnitude of emphasis on high quality and increased productivity to meet the global consumer demand and counter-attack competition. The Research and Development team of Kapoor Automobiles (India) focuses in continuity research on the changing consumer needs and the firm attempts to incorporate those needs in their production activities. Kapoor Automobiles (India) has been recognized as an organization of international repute by the following certification: ISO 9001: 2000 Quality Management System Certificate by French giants SGS. From humble beginnings of a small workshop, Kapoor Automobiles (India) currently has a manufacturing plant with an area of 12000 sq meters with state-of-the-art anti vibration connection technology. Here, assembly elements of rubber-metal composition are manufactured. The highlighting aspects of Kapoor Automobiles (India) are as follows: The organization has a staff of 127 production staff, 12 administrative officials and 2 rubber technicians. The products of the organization are a varied range of automotive rubber components for vehicles such as Bedford, BMC, BMW, Fiat, Hino, Isuzu, Iveco, Lada, Land Rover, Mazda, Mercedes, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Opel, Peugeot, Renault Toyota, VW, Volvo to name a few for the purpose of exemplification. Kapoor Automobiles (India) focuses on four major production processes: Rubber mixture preparation and Preforming Metal forming and Machining Metal and pipe surface preparation. Vulcanization Kapoor Automobiles (India) has a clientele spread across the African and European continent and the Middle East. Aims and Motivations of the Research Study: The automobile industry is a global industry which is witnessing a high level of growth. The competition in this global industry necessitates a well-coordinated process of supply of the automotive parts to car manufacturers as an when there is a demand for the same. Thereby the need to have good level of inventory management in the global supply chain is of prime importance to meet the demand of the market, help the business to survive and grow in this competitive market. My motivation and aim of this research study is to comprehend all the aspects which make possible successful inventory control in global supply chain management. My area of research and analysis in this context would lay focus on the automotive parts manufacturing sector. General Objectives: This study aims at on a general or basic level understanding Global Supply Chain Management and its significance in today day and age of excessive competition. The objective is also to learn about all the factors which influence inventory control in global supply chain management in a positive and negative way especially the automotive spare parts industry. To gain knowledge about how an improvement in the smooth functioning of global supply chain management can be brought about by a good level of inventory control. Specific Aims: This research is specifically aimed at understanding the functions of Kapoor Automobiles (India) with regard to inventory control in global supply chain management. In this regard its current activities, the positive aspects, the shortcomings and how improvisation could be brought about in the process of inventory control of Kapoor Automobiles (India) for global supply chain management. Research Questions: This dissertation is aimed at answering the following questions: What is Global Chain Supply Management? What is inventory control? How does Inventory Control in Global Supply Chain Management function in context to the automotive spare parts industry? How do firms in the automotive spare parts industry effective manage inventory control as a part of Global Supply Chain Management? Kapoor Automobiles (India)s strategy of Inventory Control in Global Supply Chain Management? How could Kapoor Automobiles (India) improve on their Inventory Control in Global Supply Chain Management and compete better in the overseas market? What are the future trends perceived in the Automotive parts Inventory Control in Global Supply Chain Management? Dissertation Structure: The structure of this dissertation incorporates the following: Chapter 5 lays focus on the theoretical grounding for the research, reviewing a generous selection of literature on Supply Chain Management, Inventory control, all the aspect necessary to be taken into consideration for successful inventory control, the need of it and Global Supply Chain Management. Furthermore the literature review also brings forth the importance of good inventory control in the global supply chain management of the automotive parts industry. Chapter 6 introduces the method of study to be employed to analyze inventory control in global supply chain management of Kapoor Automobiles (India). Chapter 7 presents the studys findings and discussion which are initially presented in diagrammatic form, then discussed. Chapter 8 will collate the main findings of the study to provide solid conclusions. The limitations are given, followed by an appraisal of the projects main strengths and weakness. Recommendations for future research are also provided. Literature Review: Supply Chain Management: A Supply Chain Management activity could be understood as the management of materials, vital information and finances as they are channelized from a supplier to the manufacturers then to the wholesaler, retailer and finally the consumer. The activity of supply chain management comprises of skillful coordination and integration of the above aspects within organizations and among them. The final goal of an efficient supply chain management process is to bring about a reduction in stock with the basic ideology that products are available when needed. (Cooper, M.C., Lambert, D.M., Pagh, J. (1997) Supply chain management flows can be divided into three main flows which are as follows: The product flow The information flow The finances flow The product flow constitutes the flow of products or commodities from a supplier to a consumer. The second aspect which is information flow comprises of transmission of orders and updates on status deliveries. The third aspect is the financial flow which comprises of terms of credit, payments, consignment and title ownership arrangements. Supply Chain Management of different organization differs depending on the size and nature of the organization and the product manufactured. An effective supply chain management ensures process of obtaining supplies and components, conversion of the same in to finished products and making supply of these products to the final consumer. Supply Chain Management is the management of all these aspects aptly without delays and at a low cost fulfilling the needs of the consumer in the process. (Haag, S., Cummings, M., McCubbrey, D., Pinsonneault, A., Donovan, R. (2006) There are six key elements to a supply chain: (Ketchen Jr., G., Hult, T.M. (2006) Production Supply Inventory Location Transportation, and Information The following describes each of the elements: 1. Production The needs (Kouvelis, P.; Chambers, C.; Wang, H. (2006) and demands of the consumer is taken into account prior to production. Decisions regarding what to product, how to produce and how many units need to produced are taken. Furthermore, it is also decided upon whether to produce the whole product or certain parts should be outsourced. These vital decision regarding production activities should be made keeping in mind the volume of goods, the quality, capacity and the consumer wants and levels of satisfaction. Decision regarding operational activities should focus on equipment maintenance, scheduling and quality control. 2. Supply An organization (Larson, P.D. and Halldorsson, A. (2004), cannot produce all the components required for the manufacture of a product and the need to outsource parts arises. The organization should be cautious in the choice it makes of the supplier of components. The focus of the organization while engaging a supplier to supply components should be on quality, flexibility and the development of velocity and at the same time should maintain low costs. In summation, vital decision has to be taken to make the outsourcing partnership or activity a viable one for the manufacture and supply of the final product. 3. Inventory Important decisions (Lavassani, M. K., Movahedi B., Kumar V. (2008) regarding how much should be stocked in the organization should be taken. A proper balance should be maintained as inventory holding is an important aspect of a good supply chain management process. The consumer demands should be met up without any supply delay and hence optimum level of inventory should be decided upon and place at strategic consumer points to serve the consumer as and when the demand for the product arises. Control policies must be checked upon to maintain right levels of supply at order and reorder points. 4. Location Strategic decisions (Movahedi B., Kumar V. (2008) regarding location of the production plant, facilities of stocking and distribution should be made to ensure that the consumer avails the product when he demands without any delay. When the parts or components are light in weight and market driven, manufacturing units should be located near the final consumer. In heavy industries, sources of raw materials should be taken in consideration while deciding where the manufacturing plant should be located. Tax and tariff issues should be looked into while making strategic decisions. 5. Transportation In context (Mentzer, J.T. et al. (2001) to fulfilling consumer demands, decisions related to transportation and inventory are quite closely connected. Utility of air transport is quick but expensive in comparison to water or road transport but makes the product available in a short span of time to the consumer. Water or road transport means being in possession of high levels of in-house stock to meet immediate consumer demands. Depending upon the demand the product generates, the cost of the product and the stock available decision relating to transportation should be made. 6. Information A (Simchi-Levi D.,Kaminsky P., Simchi-levi E. (2007) supply chain management in order to be effective focuses on acquiring information for point of final consumption and connecting the information resources all through the entire chain to bring an effective flow. A good organization of information is required to bring in innovation in operation. Connecting computers through networks and having the information flow streamlined helps consolidate knowledge and helps in creating velocity for the products. Account management software, product configurators, enterprise resource planning systems, and global communications are important factors to be considered. Pragmatic Applications Today the market scenario (de Kok, A.G., S.C. Graves (Editors) 2003) demands fast delivery of goods. By high levels of stocking, many organizations try to fulfill this market demand. The organizations are at times unable to produce goods as and when the market demands and hence maintains high stocks. If processes are analyzed in the supply chain then the causes and solutions could be found to bring reduction in throughput time. Reducing the time in the chain of events right from the moment the consumer places to the order to the delivery for the same could help a company gain a competitive edge without the need to have large stocks. Need for an effective Supply Chain Management: There is a high degree (Stock, J.R., D.M. Lambert. 2001) of competition in the business scenario today which demands that an organization in order to have a competitive advantage should utilize its resources to do what it is good at and indulge in outsourcing those processes that are not significant from an overall objective of the organization. SCM enable an organization to restructure its complete operation focusing on core competencies and outsourcing certain processes which would help the organization gain apt market positioning. Furthermore, is important to make the right decisions of partners, resources and manpower. The organization should understand which process or pattern could reduce wastages and raise levels of competence. For the sake of exemplification, the Japanese (Coyle, J.J., E.J. Bardi, C.J. 2002) car industry manufactures small cars by capitalizing on its available resources. The Japanese car industry effectively utilizes supply chain management to maximize core competencies and create niche market positioning. Toyota Motor Corporation, a Japanese company, is stated to be the number one auto car maker overpowering Ford and General Motors of the United States. Value Advantage Supply Chain Management (Bowersox, D.J., D.J. Closs, M.B. Cooper. 2002) has made provision for business nowadays to not just have benefits of productivity alone but also on value advantage. Productivity advantage provides a lower cost profile and the value advantage gives the product an extra plus over competitive offerings.Through maximizing added value there is cost reduction and more innovation can be brought to the product and process. Mass manufacturing offers productivity advantage and through mass customization, consumers are given the value advantage. For illustrative purposes, the Toyota Production System practiced in Toyota, evaluates (Ballou, R.H. 2003) its supply chain and determines what is value added activities and what is not value added activities. Inventory Holding: Advantages: The aspect which proves to be an (Silver, E.A., D.F. Pyke, R. Peterson 1998) advantage with regards to high inventory holding is that it acts as a buffer to the company when market demands are high. If prices are expected to rise then high stocking results in capital advantage or gain. The risk of supply shortage is overcome by high inventory. Market shortage of goods is also met with by high inventory. Disadvantages: High cost warehouse management is the main disadvantage of having large inventory of finished products. There could be a possible capital loss to the business if the prices fall in the market in future. Cash is bound in carrying stocks and there is a risk of loss on account of degradation, defects and write-offs. Lack of proper management of inventory could lead to losses too. It should be noted that though inventory assists in operations, it is an asset that ties up funds i.e. working capital and the related opportunity cost. Other disadvantages: Stock could be stolen, lost or forgotten Might be dangerous to store Might involve high cost to store particularly in terms of value. There is a possibility of replication or duplication at several different points e.g. retail stores, hospitals, builders, merchants. There are additional costs such as administrative and insurance costs Techniques to purchase stock and manage inventory efficiently It is vital for any (Blackburn, J.D. 1990) business organization to learn to manage inventory with efficiency thereby making possible a company to stock inventory sufficiently to meet the consumer needs. Lack of sufficient stock leads to delays and causes disrepute to the business. On the contrary, large inventory block organizational funds. A business which is primarily retail makes money only on the sale of stock and maintenance of stocks involves the following costs: Charges of Interest on any loans taken to buy goods. Charges for storage space. Transportation costs for stock movement and for its display. Cost of time involved in stock management. Cost involved in stolen of damaged stocks. Payroll expenses. Substantial amounts of an organizations funds could be blocked in inventory. Apt management of inventory essentially leads to high profits and lower costs. Purchase the right products Employ market research to make the identification of right products for the right market. Analysis of sales charts of previous financial years. Identify needs of consumers and create those products to satisfy needs. Analysis of economy forecast in the periods to come and make a determination of how market would function or react. Draw comparison between you and your competitors sales. Make the right decisions based on experience regarding what to products to buy and at what quantity. Buying Correct Quantities In order to meet the varying market demand, it is necessary to maintain the right quantity of inventory. In the process of maintaining the right quantity of inventory care should be taken to not have overstocking of obsolete products. (Gilmore, J.H., B.J. Pine. 2000) To do this you must: Have knowledge of the right product to order Order the right quantity of the product Have knowledge of the right time to order the product Have knowledge of product arrival Have knowledge about the right quantity of product to stock during the business cycle Have knowledge of when reorders need no submission Have knowledge of when products should not be stocked This knowledge is acquired by analysis and experience: Ensuring suppliers have market repute and would supply products in needed quantities. Making a study of lead times for the purpose of supply and delivery to make possible ordering at the apt time, or determining the delivery time for the consumers is more products have to be ordered. Overbuying should be avoided just to take advantage of special supplier deals. Re-check buying plans weekly and amend as needed. If the stock is being sold or being utilized faster than expected, look to source more products as soon as the trend is identified and in existence. Make a note of required stock levels (minimum, maximum and at the point to re-order). Success of Inventory Control: The regular and periodic (Stalk, G., T.H. Hout. 2003) evaluations of key performance indicators in companies help determine the success of an inventory system. The basic group of indicators reveals how well the inventory system fulfills the business needs and does it exceed the customer expectations. The inventory system should have the capability of accounting for that exists at the finished goods inventory with the inclusion of what was manufactured in the latest production cycle. This process makes it possible to bring forward units for consumer orders in at the right time without delays and help companies shorten the lead-time and thus building repute in the process. An efficient system makes it possible to maintain a good balance between the stock that is in possession and the stock that is required to operate the business efficiently. Global Supply Chain Management: For many business (De Geus, A., (1998) organizations, Global Supply Chain Management has become increasing important as there has been an increase in offshore sourcing and globalization. As global supply chain management involves many countries thereby the issues or difficulties to be tackled are many too. Primarily the overall costs need to be considered. Though labor cost could be minimal, cost of space, tariffs and other costs needs to considered with doing business abroad. The exchange (Drucker, P. (1988), rate too needs to be factored. The companys lead-time could positively or negatively affect depending on the productivity of the employees overseas and the shipping time involved. There could be time lags on account of custom clearance time and other governmental red tape. (Gersick, C. J. G. (1991). Supplier selection is also another important aspect of global supply chain management. Extensive research should be carried out by the company to help make the right choice. Logisti cal issues such as deciding the number of plants and their locations to surface and have to be worked out carefully. (Romanelli, E. and Tushman, M. L. (I994) Assembler-supplier relationships in the global auto industry For the last two decades, there has been a change in the relationship between assemblers and suppliers. Initially there has been a shift from supply of individual components to supply of complete function such as corners, systems, modules or sub-assemblies. (Sadler, D. (1998) a supplier who is first-tier assembles parts and makes a supply of them as complete units (such as dashboards, rear axle assemblies, body panels and seats). Operations earlier carried out in-house by the assembler, such as the manufacture of seats and exhaust systems, are moved on to the first-tier supplier. Second, component producers have taken an further role in the creating design of components and systems (Humphrey, J. and M. Salerno (2000) First-tier component producers assert more involvement with their consumers and have transited to providing black box parts or systems. While the assembler gives overall performance specifications and information about the interface with the remaining aspect of the car, the supplier designs a solution using its own technology, often taking in a basic design to the customers specific requirements.3 This shift has facilitated car assemblers to transfer R D costs to component manufacturers and to take advantage from the speci alized technological skills of these producers. Conclusion As supply chains have moved from a cost focus to a customer focus and now currently to a strategic focus, the need to think strategically about the supply chain has never been more important. The success of a strategy is only as good as the companys ability to fully and properly execute it. A great supply chain strategy, linked with operational excellence, can provide success for not only the company in question but also its partners and customers. Methodology: This chapter will essentially focus on the method employed for the conduct of research and analysis. The reasons governing the techniques chosen would be furnished. Furthermore, the chosen method of analysis of data compiled and the ethical consideration therein would be discussed. Primary Research: Ethical Considerations: The researcher is of the conviction that no research should be carried out without attention being paid to the implications which are of ethical nature. On ethical grounds, the researcher presented in all clarity to the participants or volunteers for this research study that the research was purely for academic reasons and the data compiled and analyzed would be utilized for the purpose of Academic projects and would not be in any manner shared with any other individuals other than Academicians evaluating the research conducted nor would the data collected be employed for commercial usage. The researcher provided this indemnification and hence the participants agreed to volunteer vital information regarding Kapoor Automobiles policies of Inventory holding and Global supply chain management. Furthermore the participants were informed of the fact that no participation fee would be levied or charged. Face to Face Interviews: Face to face interviews were conducted with the C.E.O. of Kapoor Automobiles (India) and the Board of Directors of the company to gain an understanding into the overall aspects of the functioning of the organization and to also gain information about their modes of Inventory control in their Global Supply Chain Management activities. Information about this was provided it in depth and the research succeeded in getting a clear practical picture of their operations. The researcher failed to acquire figurative data relating to inventory control as the C.E.O and the Board of Directors expressed confidentiality issues. The interviews too were conducted in an informal manner as they the participants (C.E.O and Board of Directors) insisted on anonymity and the researcher assured them of the same. For gaining an understanding of the production process and actual physical inventory control process, rubber technicians and warehouse supervisor of Kapoor Automobiles (India) were interviewed and productive insight was gained by the researcher. Time and Access: Limitations emerged in the form of lack of time and access in the case of certain Board of Directors of Kapoor Automobiles. Of the 8 Board of directors, 2 of them could not be accessed as they were overseas to conduct negotiations of Kapoor Automobiles (India) and hence they could not be interviewed. Some of the available Board of Directors could not spare sufficient time of the interviews as they had to attend to the day to day management affairs of the organizations. Though the time they made available was limited, their input were undoubted valuable. The C.E.O. expressed inability to even provide approximations of figurative data citing confidentiality issued and hence the researcher failed to have access to any figurative data whatsoever. Secondary Research: The techniques of secondary research employed by the researcher were essentially gaining vital data from the online library provided by Cardiff Business School. This library of the Cardiff Business School was of immense utility as all the theories relating to Inventory Control and Global Supply Chain Management were available in abundance and facilitated a process of ease in understanding and compiling the much required theories and data. The search engines of Mintel and Ebsco proved to be of immense use to the researcher. Besides the above mentioned source, the researcher referred to several books written by experts in the field of Inventory control and Global Supply Chain Management to acquire multiple perspectives on the area of research and analysis. The information gained was significant and hence employed by the researcher in his research study. Findings and Analysis: Introduction: Employing the primary research techniques, the researcher learnt through face to face interviews of the C.E.O and Board of Directors of Kapoor Automobiles (India) that the organization being medium-sized, financially they are not in a position to have high levels of inventory to meet unforeseen demands of the consumers in the Global Supply Chain Management process. Kapoor Automobiles (India) initially commenced as a very small business outfit carrying out its production, stocking and distribution activities from a very small workshop. Kapoor Automobiles (India) grew successfully over a period of time and now possess a large production and warehousing unit in comparison to what they had when the business commenced and this is owing to the fact that business leaders at Kapoor Automobiles (India) formulate the apt strategy to meet demand of consumers spread across the continents of Asia, Europe and the Middle East. Financial constraints necessitate Kapoor Automobiles (India) to follow t he Just-in-time inventory management process. Just-in-time (JIT) could be defined as a strategy of inventory management. This methodology focuses on bringing about an improvement in the firms return on investment by bring down or reducing the in-process inventory and related carrying costs. Just-In-Time production method is also termed as Toyota Production System. In order to fulfill objectives of Just-In-Time, this inventory management method is reliant on Kanban or signals emerging between different points in the link, which indicate the production department as to when the next batch should be produced. Initially, Kapoor Automobiles (India) was following this method on account of financial constraints which did not permit holding large inventory but now Kapoor Automobiles (India) prefers this method as the market trend is changing in continuity on account of new technological developments at regular and short intervals and this required constant change in product and the production methods and the other obvious reason as stated by Kapoor Automobiles (India) is the fact that they are yet a medium sized enterprise and would not be in a position to have large inventory. They further stated that large inventory for the Global Supply Chain Management process could lead to financial losses as the inventory could go obsolete as the automobile industry is a progressive and booming industry and there is a requirement of constant modification in the spare parts or components utilized for the manufacture of automobiles. Conclusively, Kapoor Automobiles (India) have stated that Just-In-Time inventory management system helps them reduce the in-process inventory costs and other related costs and hence is the most preferred mode of inventory management. They further state that their organization is in a state of growth in continuity and they objective aim at converting Kapoor Automobiles (India) which is currently a medium sized organization into a large sized organization and when Kapoor Automobiles (India) attains this objective they would continue to function utilizing Just-In-time inventory management system to meet the demands of their clients in the Global Chain as the product features and demands related to it are changing continuously and maintaini

Barbara Ehrenreichs Nickel and Dimed Essay -- Barbara Ehrenreich Nick

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Barbara Ehrenreich is a journalist who wrote the book Nickel and Dimed. She goes undercover to see how it feels to work for $6 to $7 an hour. She leaves her regular life to explore the experiences of a minimum wage worker. Ehrenreich travels to Florida, Maine, and Minnesota, looking for jobs and places to live on a minimum wage salary. At one point in time, she had to work two jobs to makes ends meet. As she worked all these jobs, she discovered many problems in the social world. The things she went through were not the types of situations that she usually experienced. She wasn’t used to living and working environments of the poor. She had to deal with the different personalities and customs of her co-workers, their living arrangement, and the management hierarchy in each job. She worked as a waitress at two different restaurants, as a maid service cleaning houses, and as a dietary aide at a nursing home.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ehrenreich didn’t want to be a waitress any more than some waitresses, but she did it for her research. Ehrenreich once stated that, â€Å"Waitres sing is also something I’d like to avoid, because I remember it leaving me bone-tired when I was eighteen.† (13). Her first job was at Hearthside, a restaurant in Key West, Florida. She was hired as a waitress, starting at $2.43 plus tips. She worked the afternoon shift. Hearthside was being managed by a West Indian man by name of Phillip. The management wasn’t the best. They treated their employees disrespectfully. At an employee meeting, they were threatened by the management. Ehrenreich stated, â€Å"I have not been treated this way-lined up in the corridor, threatened with locker searches, peppered with carelessly aimed accusation-since junior high school† (24). When they were just standing around, the manager would give them extra work to do. According to Ehrenreich, â€Å"You st art dragging out each little chore because if the manager on duty catches you in an idle moment, he will give you something far nastier to do. So I wipe, I clean, consolidate catsups bottles and recheck the cheesecake supply, even tour the tables to make sure the customer evaluation is standing perkily.† (22). They were hired at Hearthside to serve the customers. There are twenty-six tables in the whole restaurant. All the food must be placed on the food trays; small items were to be carried in a bowl, and no refills on the lemonade (1... ...but she slept on the sofa, while her four grown children and three grandchildren fill up the bedrooms. But although no one, apparently, is sleeping in a car, there are signs, even at the beginning, of real difficulty if not actual misery† (79). No one likes what they do for a living, but they got to do whatever it takes to make it in life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yes, in the book Nickel and Dimed, Barbara Ehrenreich did face problems when working minimum wage jobs. In each state, Ehrenreich works with different people, but having the same problems in the end. The challenges she faced was the different people she worked for, who seemed not to care about their employees as long as they came to work and did what they were told to do. The rules and regulations at each job were different, and never the same. All her fellow co-workers’ personalities were different. Some of them were nice to work with, but had so many things going wrong with their lives. She had to adjust to her co-workers’ lifestyles and the way they support each other. It was a good experience for her and she was never in a situation that she could not get herself out of, even though she had other money saved up for those rainy days.

Vpn Reactor Guide

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